Organization and Structure

The general meeting of shareholders is the supreme corporate body of UBS. All shareholders registered with voting rights are invited to general meetings of shareholders.

Under the leadership of the Chairman, the Board of Directors (BoD) decides on the strategy of the Group, upon recommendation by the Group CEO, and is responsible for the overall direction, supervision and control of the Group and its management. It approves all financial statements and appoints and removes all GEB members. The Chairman of the Board presides over all general meetings of shareholders and works with the committee chairpersons to coordinate the work of all BoD committees. The committees shown in the graph assist the BoD in the performance of its responsibilities. These committees and their charters are described in the Organization Regulations, published at ubs.com/governance.

The BoD decides on the strategy of the Group, upon recommendations by the Group CEO, and exercises ultimate supervision over management, whereas the GEB, headed by the Group CEO, has executive management responsibility. The functions of Chairman and Group CEO are assigned to two different people, leading to a separation of powers. The BoD delegates the management of the business to the GEB.

Under the leadership of the Group CEO, the GEB has executive management responsibility for the steering of the Group and its business and assumes overall responsibility for developing the strategies of the Group, business divisions and Group Functions and implements the BoD-approved strategies.

UBS's financial statements provide segment reporting by its business divisions and Group Functions. In addition, the discussion of UBS's results provides further details of our results at a business unit level. This reporting structure is shown in the following table:

Audit is an integral part of corporate governance. While safeguarding their independence, the external auditors closely coordinate their work with Group Internal Audit (GIA). The Audit Committee and, ultimately, the BoD supervise the effectiveness of audit work.

The Annual General Meeting in 2023 re-elected Ernst & Young Ltd (EY) as auditors for the Group for a one-year term of office. EY assumes virtually all auditing functions according to laws, regulatory requests and the Articles of Association.

More information on the external auditors is disclosed in the annual report 2023.

Group Internal Audit (GIA) performs the internal auditing role for the Group. It is an independent function that provides expertise and insights to confirm controls are functioning well and highlight where UBS needs to better manage current and emerging risks. In 2023, GIA operated with an average headcount of 1,009 full-time equivalent employees.

As a foreign company with shares listed on the New York Stock Exchange (the NYSE), UBS Group AG also complies with all relevant corporate governance standards applicable to foreign private issuers.

Differences from corporate governance standards relevant to US-listed companies

The NYSE listing standards on corporate governance require foreign private issuers to disclose any significant ways in which their corporate governance practices differ from those that have to be followed by domestic companies. Such differences are discussed below.

Responsibility of the Audit Committee regarding independent auditors

Our Audit Committee is responsible for the compensation, retention and oversight of independent auditors. It assesses the performance and qualifications of external auditors and submits proposals for appointment, reappointment or removal of independent auditors to the BoD. As required by the Swiss Code of Obligations, the BoD submits its proposals for shareholder vote at the Annual General Meeting (the AGM). Under NYSE standards audit committees are responsible for appointing independent auditors.

Discussion of risk assessment and risk management policies by the Risk Committee

As per the Organization Regulations of UBS Group AG and UBS AG, the Risk Committee, instead of the Audit Committee, as per NYSE standards, oversees our risk principles and risk capacity on behalf of the BoD. The Risk Committee is responsible for monitoring our adherence to those risk principles and monitoring whether business divisions and control units maintain appropriate systems of risk management and control.

Supervision of the internal audit function

Although under NYSE standards only audit committees supervise internal audit functions, the Chairman of the BoD (the Chairman) and the Audit Committee share the supervisory responsibility and authority with respect to the internal audit function.

Responsibility of the Compensation Committee for performance evaluations of senior management of UBS Group AG

In line with Swiss law, our Compensation Committee, together with the BoD, proposes for shareholder approval at the AGM the maximum aggregate amount of compensation for the BoD, the maximum aggregate amount of fixed compensation for the Group Executive Board (the GEB) and the aggregate amount of variable compensation for the GEB. The members of the Compensation Committee are elected by the AGM. Under NYSE standards it is the responsibility of compensation committees to evaluate senior management’s performance and to determine and approve, as a committee or together with the other independent directors, the compensation thereof.

Proxy statement reports of the Audit Committee and the Compensation Committee

NYSE standards require the aforementioned committees to submit their reports directly to shareholders. However, under Swiss law all reports to shareholders, including those from the aforementioned committees, are provided to and approved by the BoD, which has ultimate responsibility to the shareholders.

Shareholder votes on equity compensation plans

NYSE standards require shareholder approval for the establishing of and material revisions to all equity compensation plans. However, as per Swiss law, the BoD approves compensation plans. Shareholder approval is only mandatory if equity-based compensation plans require an increase in capital. No shareholder approval is required if shares for such plans are purchased in the market.

Our Organization Regulations require three-quarters of the BoD members to be independent.

As a general rule for a Board of Director (BoD) member to be considered independent, he or she may not have any material relationship¹ with UBS², either directly or as a partner, controlling shareholder or executive officer³ of a company that has a material relationship with UBS.

In addition, in order to be considered independent, our BoD members have to fulfill the additional criteria our BoD has established based on the requirements set forth in the New York Stock Exchange listing standards on corporate governance, the FINMA Circular 2017 / 1 Corporate governance - banks and the standards established in the Swiss Code of Best Practice for Corporate Governance. These criteria are as follows:

¹ "Material relationship" meaning: UBS accounting for more than 2% of the sales or purchases of products and/or services for him or her or for a company with which he or she is affiliated. Banking relationships in the ordinary course of business - wealth and asset management, private mortgages etc. - do not qualify as "material relationship".
² "UBS" means: UBS Group AG, or UBS AG or any other company of the UBS group.
³ "Executive officer" meaning: president, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, any officer in charge of a principal business unit, division or function, any other officer who performs a policy-making function.
⁴ "Immediate family member" meaning: spouse, parents, children, siblings, mothers-in-law, fathers-in-law, sons-in-law, daughters-in-law, brothers-in-law, sisters-in-law and anyone (other than domestic employees) who shares the director's home.
⁵ "Controlled" meaning: being a controlling shareholder (owning 50% or more of the voting power) or the Chairman and/or CEO of the company.
⁶ "Qualified holding" means a direct or indirect participation in UBS Group AG or UBS AG with at least 10% of the capital or voting rights.